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🇵🇭 Updated 2026 LTO LTMS Examination Syllabus

Pass Your LTO Exam on Your First Try

The all-in-one Philippine driver's license review app. Practice 1,000+ official exam questions, master Philippine road signs, and simulate realistic computerized timed mock tests in English and Tagalog.

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Bilingual Review
English & Tagalog
LTO Exam Reviewer 2026 App Interface Screenshot
1,000+
Verified Practice Questions
100+
Official Philippine Road Signs
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License Types Covered
98%
First-Time Pass Rate Reported

2026 LTO Exam Passing Scores & Matrix

Authoritative breakdown of examination items, passing score requirements, time allowances, and DL vehicle codes for all Philippine driver's license applications.

Official 2026 Land Transportation Office (LTO) Examination Passing Scores and Specifications Matrix
License Category DL Restriction Codes Exam Items Passing Score Time Limit Retake Policy
Student Permit (SP)
Theoretical Course Assessment
N/A (Prerequisite) 15-Hour TDC Exam 80% Required 45 Minutes Immediate retest with accredited driving school
Non-Professional (Non-Pro)
Private Cars & Motorcycles
A, A1, B, B1, B2
Motorcycles, Sedans, SUVs, Light Pickups
60 Questions 48 / 60 (80%) 60 Minutes 1 Month cooldown after a failed examination
Professional (Pro)
Commercial & Heavy Vehicles
C, D, E
Buses, Heavy Cargo, Articulated Trucks
80 Questions 64 / 80 (80%) 80 Minutes 1 Month cooldown after a failed examination
CDE Online Validation
License Renewal (5-Year & 10-Year)
All DL Codes (A, B, C, D, E) 25 Questions 20 / 25 (80%) 30 Minutes Unlimited free online retakes via LTMS Portal
How the Computerized Automated Licensing Examination System (ALES) Works: When you take the test at an LTO branch via the LTMS kiosk, questions are randomized dynamically from a pool of over 1,000 official questions across road signs, Republic Acts, and traffic scenarios. Preparing thoroughly with Reviewer for LTO Exam 2026 ensures you encounter every question pattern before test day.

Test Your Driving Knowledge Now

Experience how the app tests your understanding of Philippine traffic rules, right-of-way, and road safety regulations in real time.

LTO Computerized Exam Simulation Question 1 of 5
Traffic Signals & Rules

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Designed for Fast & Confident Learning

Everything you need to master Philippine traffic laws, pass your theoretical driving examination, and become a responsible, courteous driver.

Timed Mock Examinations

Simulate the exact pressure of the actual LTO computerized test (ALES). Time yourself against official limits and gauge your readiness with realistic score thresholds.

Philippine Road Signs Catalog

Master every regulatory sign, warning sign, guide sign, traffic light, and pavement marking used on Philippine highways and city streets.

Dual Language: English & Tagalog

Review questions in English or Tagalog. Switching between languages ensures full comprehension of legal terminology and tricky scenarios.

Instant Answers & Explanations

Learn why each answer is correct. Review references to Republic Act 4136, Republic Act 10913 (Anti-Distracted Driving), and Republic Act 10586 (Anti-Drunk Driving).

100% Offline Reviewer

No internet connection required. Turn your daily commute, waiting room visits, or breaks into productive review sessions without burning cellular data.

Categorized Practice Modules

Focus specifically on your weak areas: General Driving Knowledge, Traffic Rules & Penalties, Parking & Overtaking, Emergency Protocols, and Defensive Driving.

Clean, Modern & Intuitive

Take a look inside the Reviewer for LTO Exam 2026 app. Designed for ease of use, high readability, and dark mode comfort.

LTO Mock Exam Question Interface
Exam Mode & Questions
Philippine Road Signs Catalog
Road Signs Masterclass
Exam Results and Score Breakdown
Performance & Passing Score
Topic and License Selection
Topic Selection & Categories
Practice Tests and Explanations
Instant Answer Explanations
Driver Etiquette and Safe Driving Rules
Traffic Regulations & Penalties

Complete Coverage for Every License

Whether applying for your first student permit, getting your non-professional license, or renewing with the CDE online course, this app has you covered.

First-Time Drivers

Student Permit (SP)

Essential preparation for newly enrolled students and Theoretical Driving Course (TDC) attendees.

Minimum Age: 16 Years Old
Required Course: 15-hr TDC
Exam Format: Basic Road Safety
  • Basic road courtesy & right-of-way
  • Core traffic lights & signs
  • Intro to Philippine driving laws
Most Popular

Non-Professional (Non-Pro)

For private motorists driving motorcycles, sedans, SUVs, and light utility vehicles (DL Codes A, A1, B, B1, B2).

Items: 60 Questions
Passing Score: 48 / 60 (80%)
Time Limit: 60 Minutes
  • Motorcycle & light vehicle rules
  • Overtaking & expressway rules
  • Penalties, demerits & fines
Commercial Drivers

Professional (Pro)

For public utility drivers, commercial couriers, heavy trucks, buses, and articulated trailers (DL Codes C, D, E).

Items: 80 Questions
Passing Score: 64 / 80 (80%)
Time Limit: 80 Minutes
  • Heavy vehicle road dynamics
  • Public utility vehicle regulations
  • Cargo, safety & hazardous materials
License Renewal

CDE Online Validation

Mandatory Comprehensive Driver's Education refresher required for 5-year and 10-year driver's license renewals.

Items: 25 Questions
Passing Score: 20 / 25 (80%)
Platform: LTO LTMS Portal
  • Updated traffic laws review
  • Child safety & seat belt law
  • Road etiquette & anti-road rage

Official Philippine Traffic Signs

Road signs make up nearly 25% of the written exam. Study regulatory signs, danger warnings, and highway indicators with crisp visual diagrams.

STOP
Regulatory Sign (Priority)
Stop Sign

Driver must come to a complete standstill before the stop line and proceed only when clear.

YIELD
Regulatory Sign (Priority)
Give Way / Yield

Slow down and yield right-of-way to vehicles on the priority road before merging.

60
Regulatory Sign (Prohibitive)
Speed Limit 60 km/h

Maximum legal speed allowed under normal weather and road conditions.

Regulatory Sign (Prohibitive)
No Entry to All Vehicles

No vehicle may enter this road or lane from this direction. Often indicates one-way streets.

Warning Sign
Pedestrian Crossing

Approaching a pedestrian crosswalk. Be alert and prepared to stop for crossing pedestrians.

Mandatory Sign
Roundabout / Rotonda Ahead

Traffic moves in a counter-clockwise circle. Vehicles inside the rotunda have right-of-way.

Warning Sign
Slippery Road When Wet

Road surface may become unusually slick when wet. Reduce speed and avoid abrupt braking.

Pavement Marking
Solid Yellow Center Line

Strictly no overtaking or crossing. Dividing lanes of traffic moving in opposite directions.

2026 LTO Theoretical Exam Syllabus

The Land Transportation Management System (LTMS) computerized test algorithm draws questions across 6 core theoretical competencies and national traffic legislations.

01

General Driving Knowledge & Road Courtesy

Basic vehicle controls, pre-trip inspection, steering techniques, safe stopping distances, defensive driving attitudes, right-of-way priority, and courtesy toward pedestrians, cyclists, and vulnerable road users.

RA 4136 Two-Second Rule Defensive Driving Pedestrian Priority
02

Traffic Signs, Signals & Pavement Markings

Identification and interpretation of DPWH-standard regulatory, warning, guide, and expressway signs. Pavement markings including solid white lines, double yellow lines, pedestrian zebra crossings, and yellow box intersections.

Regulatory Signs Warning Signs Yellow Box Intersections Traffic Lights
03

Intersections, Roundabouts & Right-of-Way

Rules governing uncontrolled 4-way intersections, priority rules at rotunda / roundabouts (vehicles inside circle have right-of-way), joining main thoroughfares, blind intersections, and yielding to emergency vehicles.

Rotonda Rules First-to-Arrive Emergency Sirens Left Turn Yielding
04

Philippine Road Safety Republic Acts

Key national statutes: RA 10913 (Anti-Distracted Driving Act), RA 10586 (Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013), RA 8750 (Seat Belts Use Act of 1999), and RA 10666 (Children's Safety on Motorcycles Act).

RA 10913 (Distracted Driving) RA 10586 (Anti-Drunk Driving) RA 8750 (Seatbelts) RA 10666 (Kids on Motors)
05

Speed Limits, Expressways & Parking Rules

Legal speed limits across open country roads (80 km/h), city boulevards (40-50 km/h), crowded streets (20 km/h), and expressways (min 60 km/h, max 100 km/h). Parallel and angle parking rules, uphill/downhill curb wheel directions.

Expressway Limits (60-100 km/h) Passing vs Slow Lane Uphill Parking Curb Rules
06

Fines, Violations & Demerit Points System

The updated LTO Demerit Points Classification: Light (1 pt), Less Grave (3 pts), Grave Violations (5 pts). Understanding how accumulating points affects license suspensions, mandatory re-orientation, and eligibility for 10-year driver's licenses.

Demerit Points System License Suspension 10-Year Validity Incentive Grave Offenses

LTO Motoring Terms: English & Tagalog

Master tricky technical terminology frequently appearing in both English and Filipino questionnaires on the official LTMS examination screen.

Right of Way Karapatan sa Daan

The legal right of a pedestrian or vehicle to proceed first before other road users at intersections, crossings, and merging lanes.

Overtaking Paglampas / Pag-overtake

Passing a slower-moving vehicle traveling in the same direction on the left side of the road when the lane is unobstructed and safe.

Yield / Give Way Magbigay-Daan

Slowing down or stopping to let other vehicles or pedestrians proceed before entering, crossing, or merging into another traffic lane.

Blind Spot Bulag na Bahagi (Di-Makita)

Areas around the vehicle outside the driver's direct field of vision that cannot be seen through mirrors without turning one's head.

Pedestrian Crossing Tawiran ng Tao / Zebra

Marked crosswalk where approaching motorists must yield to people crossing on foot. Never stop or park on top of a zebra crosswalk.

Demerit Points Puntos ng Paglabag

Penalty points recorded in the LTMS database against a driver's record for traffic violations. Accumulating points leads to suspension or revocation.

Defensive Driving Maingat na Pagmamaneho

Anticipating hazards, adjusting speed, and preventing road collisions despite dangerous road conditions and the mistakes of other motorists.

Two-Second Rule Panuntunang 2-Segundo

Safe following distance measurement under dry conditions. Pick a stationary roadside marker; your vehicle should pass it at least 2 seconds after the car ahead.

Roundabout (Rotonda) Pabilog na Sangandaan

A circular intersection where traffic flows in one direction (counter-clockwise). Motorists entering must yield to vehicles already circling.

Exam Day Checklist & BLOWBAGETS Guide

Be 100% prepared on test day with all required documents and master the essential pre-trip vehicle safety inspection routine.

What to Bring on Exam Day

  • Valid Student Permit: Original + photocopy (must be held for at least 1 month for Non-Pro, or 6 months for Pro).
  • LTO Medical Certificate: Electronically transmitted by an LTO-accredited medical clinic.
  • PDC Certificate of Completion: Practical Driving Course certificate matching your target DL vehicle codes.
  • LTMS Portal Client ID: Printed LTMS registration slip with appointment reference number.
  • Valid Government ID: Passport, PhilID (National ID), UMID, SSS, or Postal ID.
  • Strict Dress Code: Collared or smart casual shirt, long pants, closed shoes. (Sleeveless sandos, shorts, and slippers are strictly prohibited).

BLOWBAGETS Daily Vehicle Check

  • B - Battery: Clean terminals, tight clamp connections, electrolyte level, charge condition.
  • L - Lights: Headlights (high/low), brake lights, turn indicators, hazard lights, reverse lights.
  • O - Oil: Engine motor oil level on dipstick, transmission fluid, no undercarriage leaks.
  • W - Water: Radiator coolant level, expansion reservoir tank, windshield washer fluid.
  • B - Brakes: Brake pedal firmness, parking/handbrake hold, brake fluid reservoir level.
  • A - Air: Proper tire inflation pressure (PSI), tire tread depth, and spare tire readiness.
  • G - Gas: Sufficient fuel for trip, fuel filler cap tightly secured, no smell of fuel.
  • E - Engine & Electrical: Instrument cluster warning lights, horn, windshield wipers.
  • T - Tools: Car jack, tire wrench, Early Warning Device (EWD) triangles, first aid kit.
  • S - Self: Driver's physical and mental fitness, well-rested, no alcohol or drowsy medication.

How to Get Your Philippine Driver's License

Follow this 4-step path from your medical checkup to passing the computerized examination at your nearest LTO Licensing Office.

1

TDC & Medical Certificate

Enroll in an LTO-accredited driving school for the 15-hour Theoretical Driving Course (TDC). Obtain an electronically transmitted medical certificate from an accredited clinic.

2

Register on LTO LTMS Portal

Create an account on the Land Transportation Management System (portal.lto.gov.ph) to link your records, medical exam, and application.

3

Review with LTO Exam Reviewer

Download the Reviewer for LTO Exam 2026 app. Practice daily until you consistently score 90%+ on mock exams, ensuring 100% confidence for the real test.

4

Take & Pass Computerized Exam

Visit your selected LTO branch. Complete the Automated Licensing Examination System (ALES) computerized test and the practical driving test to receive your official plastic card!

Tested & Trusted by Thousands of Drivers

See how applicants across the Philippines passed their LTO theoretical exam on their first attempt with this reviewer.

"Laking tulong! Passed my Non-Pro exam with 57/60! Ang daming lumabas na questions from this reviewer, lalo na yung sa road signs at intersection right-of-way. Sobrang linis pa ng app gamitin."

MR
Mark Rodriguez
Passed Non-Pro Exam • Quezon City

"The ability to switch to Tagalog mode made all the difference for me. The actual exam in LTMS has Tagalog questions, and practicing both helped me understand the tricky trick questions without any panic."

AL
Angelica Lopez
Passed Student Permit to Non-Pro • Cebu

"Upgraded my license from Non-Pro to Professional heavy truck (Code C). The 80-item mock exam in the app tested my endurance and technical knowledge on heavy vehicle dynamics. 10/10 recommended!"

DB
Danilo Bautista
Passed Professional Driver's Exam • Davao

Answers to Your LTO Exam Questions

Everything you need to know about the exam passing score, questionnaire format, language options, and license requirements.

The passing score depends on the license category you are applying for:
  • Non-Professional Driver's License: 48 correct answers out of 60 questions (80%).
  • Professional Driver's License: 64 correct answers out of 80 questions (80%).
  • CDE Online Renewal Validation: 20 correct answers out of 25 questions (80%).
The Reviewer for LTO Exam 2026 app uses these exact official passing thresholds in all mock tests so you know exactly where you stand.
Yes! When taking the actual computerized exam at an LTO branch (via LTMS), you are prompted to select your preferred language between English and Filipino (Tagalog). Our app provides questions in both languages so you can study comfortably in whichever language you prefer.
Yes. The question bank is continuously updated to reflect the latest LTO syllabi, including Republic Act 4136 (Land Transportation and Traffic Code), Republic Act 10913 (Anti-Distracted Driving Act), Republic Act 10586 (Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013), and Republic Act 10666 (Children's Safety on Motorcycles).
The LTO written examination covers 7 core competencies:
  1. General Driving Knowledge & Vehicle Operation
  2. Traffic Signs, Signals, and Pavement Markings
  3. Right-of-Way Rules at Intersections and Roundabouts
  4. Parking, Overtaking, and Speed Limits
  5. Emergency Situations & Defensive Driving Techniques
  6. Traffic Fines, Violations, and Demerit Points System
  7. Special Laws (Anti-Drunk Driving, Anti-Distracted Driving, Seatbelts)
Yes, absolutely. Once installed from the App Store or Google Play, all practice questionnaires, road sign libraries, and mock exam engines work 100% offline with zero internet or data consumption.
On your exam day, bring:
  • Original and photocopy of your valid Student Permit (must be at least 1 month old for Non-Pro, or 6 months old for Pro).
  • Medical Examination Certificate (electronically transmitted).
  • Practical Driving Course (PDC) Certificate of Completion.
  • Printed LTMS Client ID and appointment confirmation.
  • One valid government-issued ID.
  • Payment for application and licensing fees.
  • Proper attire (smart casual; sleeveless shirts, shorts, and slippers are prohibited).
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