Basic vehicle controls, pre-trip inspection, steering techniques, safe stopping distances, defensive driving attitudes, right-of-way priority, and courtesy toward pedestrians, cyclists, and vulnerable road users.
RA 4136
Two-Second Rule
Defensive Driving
Pedestrian Priority
Identification and interpretation of DPWH-standard regulatory, warning, guide, and expressway signs. Pavement markings including solid white lines, double yellow lines, pedestrian zebra crossings, and yellow box intersections.
Regulatory Signs
Warning Signs
Yellow Box Intersections
Traffic Lights
Rules governing uncontrolled 4-way intersections, priority rules at rotunda / roundabouts (vehicles inside circle have right-of-way), joining main thoroughfares, blind intersections, and yielding to emergency vehicles.
Rotonda Rules
First-to-Arrive
Emergency Sirens
Left Turn Yielding
Key national statutes: RA 10913 (Anti-Distracted Driving Act), RA 10586 (Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013), RA 8750 (Seat Belts Use Act of 1999), and RA 10666 (Children's Safety on Motorcycles Act).
RA 10913 (Distracted Driving)
RA 10586 (Anti-Drunk Driving)
RA 8750 (Seatbelts)
RA 10666 (Kids on Motors)
Legal speed limits across open country roads (80 km/h), city boulevards (40-50 km/h), crowded streets (20 km/h), and expressways (min 60 km/h, max 100 km/h). Parallel and angle parking rules, uphill/downhill curb wheel directions.
Expressway Limits (60-100 km/h)
Passing vs Slow Lane
Uphill Parking Curb Rules
The updated LTO Demerit Points Classification: Light (1 pt), Less Grave (3 pts), Grave Violations (5 pts). Understanding how accumulating points affects license suspensions, mandatory re-orientation, and eligibility for 10-year driver's licenses.
Demerit Points System
License Suspension
10-Year Validity Incentive
Grave Offenses